不同覆盖模式对毛竹林出笋的影响

Effect of Different Covering Modes on Bamboo Shoot Emergence and Yield in A Moso Bamboo Forest

通过对毛竹林开展传统促笋覆盖(糠壳+鸡粪+稻草,记作F1),两种新型覆盖(糠壳+鸡粪+高粱秆、竹酒糟+鸡粪+高粱秆,分别记作F2和F3),以及不覆盖(对照,F0)的对比试验,分析了相应的发笋历程、笋体大小及单位面积产量和产值,结果表明:1)3种覆盖模式不同程度地促进了毛竹笋早出,F2和F3模式效果好于F1,3者在3月20日前出笋的比例分别较对照多出约20%、18%和4.5%;2)就同期笋高而言,仅F2、F3显著大于对照,F1的影响不明显,但3种模式均显著地增加了毛竹笋基径;3)尽管F1对笋早出和个体大小的促进作用不突出,单位面积出笋数量却远较其他模式大。毛竹林采用F1、F2和F3模式后,笋产量分别可达对照的2.5倍、1.9倍和1.6倍,收益则分别为对照的2.5倍、2.2倍和1.8倍。建议在山区毛竹林笋用经营中,就地取用农林废料实施覆盖是可行的,既节约成本和增加收益,又利于资源的循环利用。

A comparative study was carried out to estimate the effect of covering by different materials(chaff+chicken manure+rice straw,traditionally used,represented by F1;chaff+chicken manure+sorghum straw and bamboo liquor brewing residue+chicken manure+sorghum straw,newly tried,represented by F2 and F3,respectively)on bamboo shoot emergence,size,yield and economic benefit in a Moso bamboo forest.The control was free of any covering materials(F0).The results showed that 1)shoot emergence was promoted by three covering modes to different extent,exactly,F2 and F3 were superior to F1,about 20%,18%and 4.5%higher than control,respectively,in terms of the percentage of shoots sprouted before March 20 th;2)shoot heights at F2 and F3 surpassed that at F0 markedly,and slight effect was analyzed for F1,but all covering modes increased the basal diameter of shoots significantly;3)the superiority of F1 was a higher shoot amount per stand area relative to the other two covering modes,the ultimate shoot yield of F1,F2 and F3was investigated to be 2.5,1.9 and 1.6 times that at F0,and economic benefit was evaluated to be 2.5,2.2 and 1.8 times that at F0 respectively.Thus,it was recommended to cover Moso bamboo forests by any available agricultural or forestry residues nearby in mountain areas,beneficial to cost saving,income increase and recycling of resources simultaneously.