本土方法论的理论渊源与转向——基于加芬克尔本土方法论的理论检视

Theoretical Origin and Turn of Ethnomethodology:A Theoretical Review Based on Garfinkel's Ethnomethodology

起源于现象学的本土方法论为社会学的研究打开了日常生活的大门,将社会学从帕森斯及其追随者建构起来的"秩序王国"拉回到了日常生活世界领域之中。从组合时空考察本土方法论,横向上反主流文化运动、反帕森斯运动对本土方法论生发产生影响,纵向上加芬克尔的思想转变奠定本土方法论根本立场。本土方法论最基本的预先假设是个体主义,经由胡塞尔现象学、舒茨现象学社会学、加芬克尔本土方法论最终建构而成,相对于结构功能主义,本土方法论在预先假设、行动性质、基本论域等方面实现了转向。本土方法论对现实问题的关注与自身的现实困境则是其理论发展的挑战与机遇。

Originated from phenomenology,ethnomethodology opens the door of daily life for sociological research and brings sociology back to the field of daily life world from the“kingdom of order”constructed by Parsons and his followers.From the perspective of combination of time and space,one can see that the anti-mainstream cultural movement and anti-Parsons movement have an impact on the development of ethnomethodology horizontally,and Garfinkel’s ideological transformation has laid the fundamental position of ethnomethodology vertically.The basic presupposition of ethnomethodology is individualism,which is constructed through Husserl’s phenomenology,Schutz’s phenomenological sociology and Garfinkel’s indigenous methodology.Compared with structural functionalism,ethnomethodology has achieved a turn in presupposition,nature of action and basic domain.Ethnomethodology’s concern for practical problems and its own dilemma are the challenges and opportunities for its theoretical development.