生态环境修复和替代性修复的概念辨正——基于生态环境恢复的目标

Conceptual Analysis on Eco-environmental Remediation and Alternative Remediation:on Basis of the Goal of Eco-environmental Restoration

生态环境恢复旨在利用基本恢复、补偿性恢复甚或补充性恢复等工程措施实现生态环境损害的等值填补。美国《石油污染法》中的"恢复"涵盖恢复、重建、更换或者收购4种措施。欧盟《环境责任指令》中的修复涵盖基本修复、补充性修复和补偿性修复3个部分。我国《环境民事公益诉讼司法解释》第二十条中的生态环境修复和替代性修复都是生态环境恢复工程措施。通过制定和筛选生态环境修复方案或替代性修复方案,可以估算采取生态环境恢复工程措施的生态环境修复费用。

Eco-environmental restoration aims at making use of engineering measures such as primary restoration,compensatory restoration or even complementary restoration to realize the equivalent remediation of eco-environmental damage.The restoration in the US Oil Pollution Act 1990 covers four measures including restoration,rehabilitation,replacement and acquisition of the equivalent of the damaged resources.The remediation in 2004 EC Directive on Environmental Liability covers three components including primary remediation,complementary remediation and compensatory remediation.Both of eco-environmental remediation and alternative remediation in Article 20 of Judicial Interpretation on Public Interest Civil Environmental Litigation in China belong to engineering measures of eco-environmental restoration.The costs of eco-environmental remediation in the case of taking engineering measures can be measured through developing and choosing eco-environmental remediation plan or alternative remediation plan.