试论北朝时期国家政策的变革及其影响

On Transform and Effect of National Policies of the Northern Dynasties

两晋南北朝时期,北魏、东魏北齐与西魏北周先后代表的北朝,其承接着西晋、五胡十六国前后的政治、民族、社会、经济等错综复杂的环境。种种环境因素在国家发展的过程中产生了巨大的推动力量,由此造成的观念或形势影响着施政的基本政策。而北朝历代君主不同的性格特点也深刻影响着各项政策的制定。本文拟以此作为讨论的基准,探究从北魏道武帝登国元年(386)到北周静帝大定元年(581)期间,北朝国家政策的形成、发展及其差异与影响。

During the period of the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, represented by the Northern Wei, the Eastern Wei, the Northern Qi and the Western Wei, the Northern Zhou, the Northern Dynasties inherited the complex environment of politics, ethnicity, society, and economy from around the Jin and the Sixteen States. Various environmental factors have significantly impacted the process of national development. The resulting social consensus or domestic situation affect the basic policies of governance. On the other hand, the different character traits of emperors have also profoundly affected the formulation of various policies. Based on the internal and external environment, and the policy guidelines of various emperors, this paper intends to explore the formation, development, differences and effect of national policies of the Northern Dynasties, from the Northern Wei Dynasty(386 B.C.) to the Northern Zhou Dynasty(581 B.C.)