青年卢卡奇与施密特自然概念比较

A Comparative Study of Young Lukacs and Schmidt on the Concept of Nature

青年卢卡奇和施密特作为西方马克思主义的重要代表人物,对马克思主义自然概念作出了不同的解读和建构。青年卢卡奇提出,自然是一个社会范畴,把马克思主义哲学视为一种历史唯物主义,用历史吞并了自然;施密特肯定了自然的优先性和客观性,但是他的中介思想却让他无法找到世界的本原。两者都认为在纯自在的自然界不存在辩证法,从而批判恩格斯的"自然辩证法"。两者的自然概念理论为我们不仅提供了一条理解马克思自然概念的思想路径,而且对当下如何有效处理生态环境问题有着重要的借鉴意义。

As an important representative of western Marxism,young Lukacs and Schmidt have different interpretations and constructs of the Marxist concept of nature.Proposing that“nature is a social category”,young Lukacs thought Marxist philosophy was a historical materialism,and the nature was annexed by history.Schmidt affirmed the priority and objectivity of nature,but his intermediary thoughts made him unable to find the origin of the world.Both believed that there was no dialectics in the purely natural world,thus criticized Engels’“natural dialectics.”The natural concept theory of the two provides people with not only an ideological path to understand Marx’s natural concept,but also an important reference for how to effectively deal with the ecological environment.