电车难题中的道德选择问题——权利与情感中潜藏的功利主义

Moral Choice in the Trolley Problem:The Latent Utilitarianism in Rights and Emotion

美国道德哲学家Judith Jarvis Thomson和中国学者林芳芳改编电车难题形成不同版本,他们分别引入权利和情感试图解决电车难题。Thomson引入权利概念作为行为规则的理论基础,林芳芳分析情感卷入对行为者道德判断和道德选择的影响,但在二者的理论分析及电车难题中,行为者道德选择都潜藏着功利主义,功利原则仍然作为道德判断和道德选择的依据。

Judith Jarvis Thomson, an American moral philosopher, and LIN Fangfang, a Chinese scholar, they develop different versions of the trolley problem, introduce rights and emotions respectively to try to solve the trolley problem. Thomson introduces a concept of rights as the theoretical basis of behavior rules,LIN Fangfang analyzes the influence of emotional involvement on moral judgment and moral choice of actors. However, in their theoretical analysis and the moral choice of the actors in the trolley problem, the utilitarianism is hidden, and the utilitarian principle still serves as the basis for moral judgment and moral choice.