语言类型学视野下句中情态研究——以汉语和日语为例

A Study of Middle-of-sentence Expression of Modality from the Perspective of Language Typology:Taking Chinese and Japanese as Examples

汉语是孤立语,日语是黏着语,它们分属不同的语系。汉语在情态表达上除了句末语气词和句调等韵律手段外,主要通过位于句中的情态动词和情态副词体现。而日语其核心动词在后,句子中心位于句末,其情态表达主要通过终助词、助动词等句末形式体现,同时也存在特提助词、陈述副词等句中形式。

Chinese is an isolating language, Japanese is a stickling language, and they belong to different language families. In expressing modality, Chinese mainly uses modal verbs and modal adverbs in the middle of the sentence except modal particle at the end of the sentence and the intonation of prosodic means. While the center of a sentence is often at the end of the sentence in Japanese. The modal expressions are mainly expressed by end-of-sentence expression such as final particle, auxiliaries etc. But there is also middle-of-sentence expression such as auxiliary, adverbs etc.