生产性服务业集聚与城市生产率——差异化学习效应、选择效应与分类效应

Producer Services Agglomeration and City Productivity——Differentiation Learning Effect,Selection Effect and Sorting Effect

根据异质性企业理论,生产性服务业集聚通过两个途径影响城市的生产率:即集聚的专业化分工和学习效应直接提升企业的生产率;企业的选址行为形成选择效应和分类效应,从而优化城市的资源配置提升生产率。使用中国工业企业数据库2003-2007年的数据对理论预测进行检验,结果表明:(1)学习效应是集聚效应的主要来源,并且与企业生产率显著正相关,这表明高生产率企业倾向选址在集聚区,存在选择效应。(2)拥挤效应显著存在,市辖区尤其严重,市辖区的拥挤效应平均比全地区高1. 22%。(3)生产性服务业集聚显著增加市辖区低生产率企业退出市场的概率,每平方公里增加100个生产性服务就业,企业退出的概率增加26. 91%,分类效应在市辖区显著存在。(4)生产性服务业集聚对城市生产率的影响是学习效应、分类效应和选择效应共同作用的结果。由此,可发展大都市圈,使制造业适度分散或与中心城区保持适度的距离,以更大程度地获得集聚效应。

Under the heterogeneous firm theory,we analyze and argue that there are two ways for producer services agglomeration effecting on the city productivity,one is promoting firm productivity by agglomeration effect,another is optimizing allocation of city resources by selection effect and sorting effect which are from site selection of heterogeneous enterprises.Using china industrial enterprises data of years 2003-2007,empirical analysis finds:(1)Agglomeration effect is mainly from learning effect,and has significant positive correlation with firm productivity,this indicates high productivity firms tend to select location in agglomeration areas,there is selection effect.(2)There is significant crowding effect,especially in municipal district,crowding effect in municipal district is more than the one in the whole city by 1.22 percent.(3)Producer services agglomeration will enhance the exit probability of low productivity firms in municipal district,producer services increase 100 employments per square kilometer,the exit probability will enhance by 26.91 percent,there is significant sorting effect.(4)Producer services agglomeration influences city productivity by agglomeration effect,sorting effect and selection effect.