新南威尔士州游牧路线与游牧保留地的遗产价值初探

The Heritage Values of New South Wales Travelling Stock Routes and Reserves

澳大利亚的游牧路线与游牧保留地(travelling stock routes and reserves,TSR)是澳洲游牧文化的重要遗产。19世纪至今,这张巨大的游牧网络运输了不计其数的牲畜。新南威尔士州(后文简称新州)的TSR是保留十分完好的一部分,并有完善的管理系统。目前新州所有TSR共占地约200万hm2,其中绝大部分的TSR并没有经过专业、全面的遗产价值评估。虽然新州政府在其《新州游牧保留地的规划框架2016—2021》的文件中提出了对TSR遗产价值保护的规划,但是地方政府由于没有途径了解其辖区内TSR的遗产价值,无法正常实施州政府对于TSR遗产价值的规划。所以,为了更好地了解、评估与保护TSR的遗产价值,吸引更多文化遗产研究人员参与TSR的遗产价值研究十分必要。文章基于对新州TSR历史文献的整理与田野调查,介绍了TSR的历史与现状,并简要评估了新州TSR的突出普遍价值(OUV)。研究结果显示,新州TSR拥有被列入世界文化与自然混合遗产名录的潜力,应该引起世界各国遗产研究人员的关注。

The Australia's Travelling Stock Routes and Reserves(collectively called TSR)are significant heritage of Australian pastoral culture.Since 19 centuries,thousands of livestock flocks were transported on this enormous pastoral network.TSR in New South Wales(NSW)was well conserved with the reasonable legislation and management system.At present,nearly 2 million hectares of TSR are located in NSW,but most of them were never professionally and comprehensively assessed.Although NSW state government has put the conservation of heritage values into the NSW Travelling Stock Reserves State Planning Framework 2016-21,still the implementations of the plan are difficult for local governments since there are no enough approaches to understand the heritage values of TSR.Thus,in order to better understand,assess and protect the heritage values of TSR,it is necessary to attract more heritage researchers to study the TSR's heritage values.Based on the historical documentary research and fieldwork,this paper introduced some historical background and current situation about TSR in NSW,and briefly assessed the Outstanding Universal Values(OUVs)of them.The conclusion suggests that the TSR in NSW are potential to be registered as Mixed Heritage on the World Heritage List,and more heritage researchers from all over the world should pay close attention to the TSR's heritage values.