何谓“做中国伦理学”?——兼论海德格尔为何“不做伦理学”

What Is “Doing Chinese Ethics” and Why Has Heidegger “Refused to Do Ethics”?

"做中国哲学"这一提法本身所担忧或反抗的乃是"述而不作"的"哲学史叙事",即在历史性的知识叙述中迷失普遍的哲学之思。因此,它是一种从超越历史性、地域性知识叙述而向真正哲学性提升的要求,这一要求本身不是反抗哲学的世界性,相反却是走向世界性。唯其如此,"做中国哲学"才是正当性的吁求。伦理学虽然从属于哲学,但毕竟"伦理"有其地域性,所以"做中国伦理学"没有正当性的疑问。然而,如果我们不是做"描述伦理学"而是"做哲学伦理学",我们必须拷问伦理的伦理性,道德的道德性,这就必然上升到了一个纯思的领域,我们就不能单纯地以一时一地的伦理道德为标准或依据,而是必须为此寻找某种绝对的标准或依据。于是,做中国伦理学与做中国哲学一样,面临相同的本原性问题:如何为存在的正当性辩护?以及存在的家园何在?但是,在西方哲学中只有单纯思辨哲学才是第一哲学,在这种第一哲学中,永远都是存在论为伦理学奠基,而永远做不到以伦理学作为第一哲学来为存在的正当性辩护。但"以伦理本位"的中国哲学不正是蕴含"伦理学作为第一哲学"之义吗?如果我们能够有意识地在第一哲学层面上证成这一学说,即证成先天的伦理关系具有存在的正义性,那么既证明了中国哲学(伦理学)合法性问题,同时也完成了传统中国哲学的现代转型,在成就中国哲学世界化的同时,也同时实现世界哲学的中国化,确实是一项真正的文化伟业。

What the slogan of“doing Chinese philosophy”concerns or resists is the“narrative of the history of philosophy”with“transmitting without innovation”,which will lose universal philosophical thinking in historical knowledge narration.Therefore,it aims to overcome the historical and local knowledge narration to achieve true philosophy.It is for rather than against the universality of philosophy.It is only in this sense that“doing Chinese philosophy”is a legitimate appeal.Although ethics is a subordinate discipline in philosophy,ethical relations are regional and hence it is legitimate to“do Chinese ethics”.However,if we“do philosophical ethics”instead of“descriptive ethics”,we must reach pure thinking through questioning the ethicality of ethic relations and the morality of morals.We must find some absolute standards or bases,instead of simply taking any particular ethical relations and morals as standards or bases.Doing Chinese ethics,just as doing Chinese philosophy,has to face with some principled problems:How to justify being and where is the homeland of existence?However,in Western tradition,it is only pure speculative philosophy that serves as the first philosophy,and it is always ontology that lays the foundation of ethics.Ethics can never function as the first philosophy to justify being.In contrast,isn t“ethics as the first philosophy”implied in Chinese philosophy,which is based on ethics?If we can consciously demonstrate this at the level of the first philosophy,that is,the justice of being of a priori ethical relations,then we can not only justify the legitimacy of Chinese philosophy,as well as Chinese ethics,but also achieve the modern transformation of traditional Chinese philosophy.This would be a great cultural career in realizing the sinicization of Western philosophy on the one hand and the globalization of Chinese philosophy on the other.