减氮配施生物炭基肥对豫中烤烟产质量的影响

Effects of Applying Biochar Based Fertilizer with Nitrogen Reduction on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Central Henan Tobacco-growing Region

为浓香型烤烟生产上合理减少化肥用量提供科学依据,采用大田试验方法,研究不同氮素水平添加生物炭基肥对豫中烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明:减氮配施生物炭基肥烤烟的总糖和还原糖含量显著提高,总氮和烟碱含量降低,糖碱比和钾氯比增大;配施生物炭基肥中部叶和上部叶的香气物质含量(新植二烯除外)均高于常规施肥(CK),常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥和85%常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥中部叶分别较CK提高23.4%和21.93%,常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥和85%常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥上部叶分别较CK提高27%和10.79%;减氮配施生物炭基肥显著提高烟叶的经济指标,常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥和85%常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥之间差异不显著。在增施生物炭基肥的基础上减少氮素化肥的施用量,可改善烟叶内在化学成分的协调性,增加中性致香物质,提高烟农的经济效益;综合考虑,以85%常规施肥+1.5t/hm2生物炭基肥在豫中烟区的应用效果较好。

The effect of applying biochar based fertilizer on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied by a field experiment under different nitrogen level to provide the scientific basis for rational reduction of chemical fertilizer amount in production of strong flavor flue-cured tobacco in Central Henan tobacco-growing region.Result:Total sugar and reducing sugar content,total nitrogen and nicotine content,and sugar/nicotine and potassium/nicotine ratio of flue-cured tobacco under the nitrogen reduction+biochar based fertilizer pattern increases significantly,reduces and rises compared with CK respectively.The content of different aroma substances in upper and middle leaves under the nitrogen reduction+biochar based fertilizer pattern is higher than CK except for neophytadiene.The content of different aroma substances in middle leaves of T1(conventional fertilization+1.5 t/hm^2 biochar based fertilizer)and T2(85%conventional fertilization+1.5 t/hm^2 biochar based fertilizer)is 23.4%and 21.93%higher than CK respectively.The content of different aroma substances in upper leaves of T1 and T2 is 27% and 10.79%higher than CK separately.The nitrogen reduction+biochar based fertilizer pattern can increase the economic indexes of tobacco leaves significantly but there is no obvious difference between T1 and T2.The nitrogen reduction+biochar based fertilizer pattern can reduce nitrogenous fertilizer amount,improve the harmony of intrinsic chemical components of tobacco leaves,increase neutral aroma substance and enhance tobacco-growers'economic benefit.The 85% conventional fertilization amount+1.5 t/hm^2 biochar based fertilizer pattern with a good application effect should be popularized in Central Henan tobacco-growing region.