韧性城市:现代城市安全发展的战略选择

The Resilient City:a Strategic Option for Safe Development of Modern Cities

安全发展是现代城市文明的最基本指标。改革开放40年来我国快速的城市化进程,其实也是一个突破自然法则、打破资源平衡的过程,它所蕴含的城市系统脆弱性和各种风险乃至危机愈益显现。在此背景下,以强调强化城市物质系统刚性为导向的"抗灾"的治理理念和行为,已经难以很好地应对灾难带来的损害和风险,而以"耐灾"为核心的韧性城市的治理思路便应运而生。韧性城市强调在面对自然和社会的慢性压力和急性冲击后,特别是在遭受突发事件时,能够凭借其动态平衡、冗余缓冲和自我修复等特性,依然保持抗压、存续、适应和可持续发展的能力,确保快速分散风险、自动调整恢复稳定,从而有效抵御外来冲击和减缓内部灾害。韧性城市被认为是当今风险社会背景下城市安全发展的战略导向和崭新范式。

Safe development is the most basic indicator for modern urban civilization.The rapid urbanization in China since the reform and opening up 40 years ago is in fact a process of breaking through the laws of nature and breaking the balance of resources,the urban system vulnerability and various risks and crises in this process have become increasingly apparent.In this context,the governance philosophy and behavior of“disaster resistance”oriented by strengthening the urban material system could hardly deal well with damages and risks caused by disasters,thus the governance concept of resilient city comes into being with“disaster tolerance”as the core.In the face of natural and social chronic stress and acute shocks,especially in the event of an emergency,a resilient city could still maintain the ability of pressure-resistance,existence,adaptation and sustainable development with its dynamic balancing,redundant buffering and self-healing features to ensure rapid risk diversification and automatic adjustment for restoration of stability,so as to effectively resist external shocks and mitigate internal disasters.The resilient city is regarded as a strategic orientation and a new paradigm of urban safe development in the context of the current risk society.