运动员临场应对能力的结构模式构建及检验

Structure Pattern Construction and Test of Athletes Coping Ability

研究通过对200名运动员进行问卷调查,在对《运动员临场应对能力测评工具》进行修正的基础上,进一步对运动员临场应对能力的内部结构模式进行了构建与检验。结果显示:(1)由于量表中T20题项信度偏低(Imax≤0. 2),本研究对其进行了剔除;(2)在量表的信、效度检验中,量表的科隆巴赫α系数=0. 801(行为应对:0. 784,认知应对:0. 705、情绪应对:0. 628)、构想效度(维度之间的相关系数r=0. 509～0. 654普遍小于维度与总量表之间的相关系数r=0. 664～0. 723)以及结构效度(χ2/df=1. 921、GFI指标=0. 902、CFI=0. 912等)均符合拟合标准;(3)通过对不同运动水平运动员的临场应对能力结构模式分析,发现认知应对→行为应对→情绪应对→认知应对的路径系数均较高(> 0. 50),仅出现情绪应对→行为应对路径系数偏低(0. 398)。研究认为:运动员临场应对能力结构模式存在一种闭合的循环链式路径(即认知应对→行为应对→情绪应对→认知应对)。且二级运动员应该首先对行为应对→情绪应对和情绪应对→认知应对进行训练,而一级运动员则首选对情绪应对→认知应对进行训练。

Through a questionnaire survey of 200 athletes and on the basis of the revision of the assessment tools for the athletes'coping ability,the paper further constructs and tests the internal structure model of the athletes'coping ability.The results show that:(1)Because of the low reliability of item T20 in the scale(Imax<0.2),it was eliminated.(2)In the test of reliability and validity,the Cologne Bach alpha coefficient=0.801(behavior response:0.784,cognitive coping:0.705,emotional response:0.628),conceptual validity(the correlation coefficient between dimensions r=0.509~0.654 is generally less than the correlation coefficient between dimension and total table r=0.664~0.723.)and the structural validity(χ2/df=1.921、GFI=0.902、CFI=0.912)conform to the fitting standard.(3)Through the analysis of the coping ability structure model of athletes with different sports level,it was found that the path coefficients of cognitive coping→behavioral coping→emotional coping→cognitive coping were higher(>0.50),but only the coefficient of emotional coping→behavior coping path was low(0.398).The research holds that there is a closed cycle chain path(cognitive coping→behavioral coping→emotional coping→cognitive coping)in the pattern of coping ability structure of athletes.And the two level athletes should first train the behavior coping→emotional coping and emotional coping→cognitive coping,while the first class athletes are the first to train emotional coping→cognitive coping.