从动趋组合看动词的空间方向性特征

The Spatial Directional Feature of the Verb Observed from Verb-Direction Combination

动词具有方向性特征,可将趋向补语作为其方向性的外化标志。依据动趋组合的认知框架,并基于方位参照的上-下图式、前-后图式、容器图式、中心-边缘图式等,分析得出趋向补语的"上向和下向""接近向和离开向""经过向""内向和外向""聚拢向和延展向""依附向和分离向""自我参照向""到达向"和"返回向"等14类空间方向。在此基础上,借鉴框架语义学理论,分析动词的语义框架,统计与趋向补语搭配动词的方向性特征,并建立相应的动词词表。研究认为,动词具有过程性方向与结果性方向的区别,分别对应泛方向位移动词和11类结果性位移动词。

The verb has directional characteristics,which can take the directional complement to be the external sign of its directionality.According to the cognitive framework of the verb-direction combination,and based on the azimuth reference of the up-down schema,the front-rear schema,the container schema and the center-periphery schema,14 kinds of spatial directions were concluded,such as“upward and downward direction”,“approaching and leaving direction”,“passing-through direction”,“inward and outward”,“gathering and extension direction”,“contact and separation direction”,“self reference”,“arrival direction”and“return direction”.With reference to the Frame Semantics theory,this paper further analyzed the semantic framework of the verbs,the directional characteristics of verbs collocated with directional complements,and established corresponding word lists of the verbs.The study held that the verb is different between the process direction and the consequential direction,corresponding respectively with pan-directional motion verbs and 11 kinds of consequential motion verbs.