程度加深义“更”的来源及演变机制——附论“更”与“还”的语义差异

The Source and Evolution Mechanism of the Degree Adverb Geng(更)——Also on the Semantic Difference Between Geng(更) and Hai(还)

程度加深义副词"更"形成的具体路径为:更改>重复>增益>程度加深。"更"之"增益"义的形成源于其表"重复"义时所具有的"修正、补充"义,这正是其他重复义副词如"又""再""复"所不具有的。"更"与"还"的语义差异在于:"更"是一个客观程度量级词,而"还"具有元语增量用法,是一个反预期主观评价词,两词的差异可以从历时演变上找到解释。

The evolution of the degree adverb Geng(更)can be summarized as correct>repetitive>additive>degree of deepening.The additive meaning of Gèng derives from its repetitive meaning featured by“correct or supplement”,which is absent in other degree adverbs like You(又),Zai(再)and Fu(复).The semantic difference between Geng(更)and Hai(还),which can be interpreted from the perspective of diachronic semantic evolution,is that Geng(更)functions as an objective degree word while Hai(还)as a counter expectation subjunctive word,indicating a degree of meta-linguistic deepening.