浙江省养老机构护士的职业现状及职业稳定性研究

A survey on the career status and occupational stability of the nurses in elderly care services in Zhejiang province

目的调研浙江省养老机构护士的职业现状和离职意愿,为提高养老机构护士的职业稳定性提供参考。方法选取浙江省16家养老机构107名在岗护士为调查对象,采用养老机构护士职业现状调查问卷和中国职工组织承诺量表进行资料收集。结果养老机构30岁以下的护士比例占69. 2%,本科及以上学历者占12. 1%,从业不足3年者占81. 3%,收入在4000元以下者占67. 3%,周工作时间40小时以上者占78. 5%。在受访的107名护士中,有18. 7%正准备离职,离职意愿主要与劳动合约类型、家人支持、工作满意度、每周工作时间以及机构对护士继续教育的重视程度有关(P<0. 001)。有60. 7%的护士组织承诺得分在"较低"水平,组织承诺水平主要与护士的年龄、劳动合约类型、家人支持、工作满意度、月收入以及机构对护士继续教育的重视程度有关(P<0. 001)。结论养老机构的护士较年轻、从业年限短、本科以上高学历护士少;护士待遇低、工作时间长,护士离职意愿较高而组织承诺水平较低,主要与机构管理模式有关。

Objective To understand the career status and the intention of the nurses to resign from the occupation in elderly care services in Zhejiang province with a view to obtaining scientific knowledge for developing effective method for achieving occupational stability in nurses in elderly care services in Zhejiang province. Methods 107 nurses from 16 eldercare centers were chosen as the subjects of the survey. Questionnaires of the career status quo of aged care nurses and the Chinese employer’s organizational commitment scale were used for data collection. Results 69.2% of the nurses were found to be under 30 years of age. Only 12.1% o had a bachelor or higher degree. 81.3% of the nurses had a work experiences shorter than three years. 67.3% of the nurses’monthly salary was lower than RMB4000. 78.5% of them worked more than 40 hours a week. Among the 107 nurses, 18.7% of them intended to resign. The relevant factors included the type of the labor contract, family support, working satisfaction, weekly working hours and continuing education support ( P < 0.001). 60.7% of the nurses achieved “low level” scores on the organizational commitment. The relative factors included the age of the nurses, type of labor contract, family support, working satisfaction, monthly income, and continuing education support ( P < 0.001). Conclusions The nurses in the elder-care services were too young and short of work experience. Very few of them have a bachelor or higher degree. Their incomes were low and working hours were long. The nurses had high intention to resign and low level of organizational commitment, which is mainly due to the management style of the elderly care services.