农村义务教育投入体制70年:价值路向与前瞻——基于新中国成立以来政策文本的分析

A Study of China's Rural Compulsory Education Investment System in the Past 70 Years Based on the Analysis of Policy Texts since the Founding of the People's Republic of China:The Value Path and Prospects

新中国成立70年来,我国农村义务教育投入体制深受国家宏观经济、财政、税收等制度嬗变的影响,依次历经了从统一列支、两条腿走路、乡村自给、以县为主、到多级共担投入体制的演进。投入体制变迁呈现出清晰的价值路向,变迁逻辑上由工具理性向演进理性转变,投入的价值位序上从城乡分离走向城乡统筹,事权投入重心上历经"U型"转移,投入体制建设关注点由外延式转向内涵式。省思历史,前瞻未来,投入体制改革与发展上要做到"蹄急而步稳",基于公共服务均等化取向推进城乡义务教育投入一体化,建立健全机制保障投入的稳定性与充分性,强化投入体制建设与教育内涵式发展积极相适应。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in the past 70 years, China’s rural compulsory education investment system has been deeply affected by the transformation of the country’s macroeconomic, fiscal, taxation and other systems. It has gone through a unified line, walking with two legs, rural self-sufficiency, being county-based, and the multi-level shared investment system. The change of input system shows a clear path of value. The logic of change shifts from instrumental rationality to evolutionary rationality. The value order of input has changed from urban-rural separation to urban-rural integration. The focus of responsibility experienced “U-shaped” transformation and the focus of investment system has changed from extension mode to the connotation mode. Thinking about history, looking forward to the future, we should “hoof quickly but step forward steadily” in the invest system reform and development, promote the integration of education input based on the equalization of public services, improve the stability and sufficiency of institutional support investment, and strengthen the construction of the investment system in line with the development of the connotation of education.