养分专家系统在双季稻中的应用和评价

Application and evaluation of Nutrient Expert in double-cropping rice

为合理评估养分专家(NE)系统在双季稻区的化肥减施效果,本研究于2014～2016年在江西省进贤县开展了3年6季的田间试验,并分析了NE系统与农民习惯(FP)处理、当地农技部门的测土配方推荐施肥(ST)处理下水稻产量、氮磷钾养分吸收量、化肥施用量和肥料偏生产力变化。结果表明:1)NE处理可以显著提高早、晚稻的籽粒产量和养分吸收量(除了2014年)。2015和2016年,NE处理的早、晚稻产量分别比FP处理增加了15.17%～32.74%和14.33%～19.25%;早、晚稻氮素吸收量分别比FP处理增加了25.16%～33.21%和22.09%～26.82%,磷素吸收量增加了27.45%～29.57%和27.02%～38.60%,钾素吸收量增加了16.59%～22.34%和14.24%～16.21%。2)与FP处理相比,3年间NE处理的早、晚稻季氮肥用量分别降低了24.86%～29.15%和28.15%～34.43%,磷肥的降幅分别为15.97%～37.05%和31.72%～44.75%,钾肥的降幅分别为60.35%～66.22%和72.29%～74.02%。3)与FP处理相比,3年间NE处理的早、晚稻氮肥偏生产力分别提高了53.26%～83.41%和48.77%～81.86%,磷肥偏生产力分别增加了57.97%～76.31%和66.24%～115.83%,钾肥偏生产力分别增加了113.25%～156.13%和160.88%～206.00%。因此,NE系统可以在双季稻实现化肥减施增效的目标。

In order to reasonably evaluate the effect of Nutrient Expert(NE)on double-cropping rice in China,a series of field experiments were conducted in Jinxian county,Jiangxi Province from 2014 to 2016.There treatments were NE,farmer habits(FP)and soil testing from the local agricultural technical department(ST).Rice yield,nutrient uptake,fertilizer amounts and partial factor productivity(PFP)were analyzed.The results showed that:1)NE treatment significantly increased grain yield and nutrients uptake of early and late rice(except for 2014).In 2015 and 2016,the yield of NE treatment was increased by 15.17%~32.74%and 14.33%~19.25%than FP treatment in early and late rice,respectively.Compared with FP,the nitrogen uptake of NE treatment was increased by 25.16%~33.21%and 22.09%~26.82%in early and late rice,respectively.The phosphorus uptake were increased by 27.45%~29.57%and 27.02%~38.60%,potassium uptake were increased by 16.59%~22.34%and 14.24%~16.21%.2)Compared with FP treatment,the nitrogen fertilizer of NE were decreased by 24.86%~29.15%and 28.15%~34.43%in early and late rice,respectively.The phosphate fertilizer were decreased by 15.97%~37.05%and 31.72%~44.75%.The potassium fertilizer was decreased by 60.35%~66.22%and 72.29%~74.02%,respectively.3)Compared with FP treatment,the PFP of nitrogen fertilizer in NE treatment was increased by 53.26%~83.41%and 48.77%~81.86%,respectively.The PFP of phosphorus fertilizer were increased by 57.97%~76.31%and 66.24%~115.83%respectively.The PFP of potassium productivity were increased by 113.25%~156.13%and 160.88%~206.00%,respectively.Therefore,NE could achieve the goal of chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism in double cropping rice.