基于LEED认证项目的绿色建筑评价项分类与运用

Application and Categories of Green Building Evaluation Items based on LEED Certification Projects

相比于传统建筑,绿色建筑设计更加复杂。当下绿色建筑设计过程中通常以绿色建筑评价标准作为绿色建筑设计参考,然而评价标准包含的评价项繁多且涉及范围广,设计人员在短时间内难以抓住重点。以LEED-NC v3 2009绿色建筑评价标准和已通过该评价认证的6 762个绿色建筑项目为研究对象,建立绿色建筑认证项目得分数据库,通过数理统计分析,统计各评价项的权重、认证项目在各评价项的实际得分率以及不同认证等级之间得分差异,分析各评价项的专家预期、实际技术措施发展水平以及绿色性能提升空间,将其整理分成高期望高水平高潜力、高期望高水平低潜力、高期望低水平高潜力、高期望低水平低潜力等8类,并将分类评价项划分成高、中、低三个优先等级为绿色建筑设计提供参考。方便建筑师在绿色建筑设计中全面有效地把握关键绿色建筑评价要点,结合项目特征与评价项优先级,选择更有利于自身项目建筑绿色性能提升的评价项,并将与之相关绿色建筑设计策略与技术运用到建筑设计当中。

Green building design is more complex than traditional building. In order to let more people realize green building and provide clearer strategies of green building design, many countries have formulated their own green building evaluation criteria. In the current green building design process, the green building evaluation standard is usually used as a reference for green building design. However, the evaluation criteria include a wide range of evaluation items and involve a wide range of fields. The green building project is not only the superposition of technologies, but also involves basic functional requirements, construction cost and operational effectiveness. Designers cannot grasp the key points in a short time to take into account all aspects. This research takes a method of summing up practical experience from actual construction projects and tries to find possible regulations. The research objects include the LEED-NC v3 2009 green building evaluation standard and the 6 762 green building projects that have been verified by this evaluation. 6 762 verified green buildings involve different building types and many cities all around the world. So the research ignores the regional characteristics and possesses universality. Through mathematical statistics analysis, the weights of the evaluation items, the score rates of each evaluation item of the construction projects, and differences in scores of the different certification levels are collated and calculated. The weights reflect the expectations of experts. The score rates of evaluation items reflect the actual average level of development of related technologies. The degree of differences of scores between the different certification level reflects the improvement potential of architectures in each evaluation item. Through the analysis of experts’ expectations, level of development, and potential for improvement of architecture in each evaluation item, this research sorts all items into Eight categories as follows:HE-HL-HP(High Expectation-High Level-High Potential), HE-HL-LP(High Expectation-High Level-Low Potential), HE-LL-HP(High Expectation-Low Level-High Potential), HE-LL-LP (High Expectation-Low Level-Low Potential), LE-HL-HP(Low Expectation-High Level-High Potential), LE-HL-LP(Low Expectation-High Level-Low Potential), LE-LL-HP(Low Expectation-Low Level-High Potential) and LE-LL-LP(Low Expectation-Low Level-Low Potential). And the classifications of evaluation items are divided into three priority levels including high, medium and low to provide references for green building design. These three priority levels can help designers effectively grasp key green building evaluation elements in green building design. Through combining the priority levels with the features of project, designers choose the appropriate evaluation items which are suitable for the project, improve green building performance effectively and apply relevant green building design strategies and techniques which are relating to these items to architectural design. Also, the brief and definite suggestions help designers formulate the design conception with the thinking of green building. The green building strategies are considered in advance and the design process of green building is optimized.