课堂教学中学生主体角色被动困境的新制度主义考察

A New Institutionalism Survey of the Passive Dilemma of Students' Main Role in Classroom Teaching

调查发现,课堂教学中学生主体角色陷入重重被动困境,主要表现为学习制度下的被规训化、学习目的被异化、学习材料被限制。采用新制度主义的视角加以考察,分析课堂教学中学生主体角色在制度化过程中的被动困境。规制性制度要素建立的严格规训束缚、规范性制度要素塑造的学习目的单一约束期待、文化——认知性制度要素影响下学习材料的局限是造成课堂教学中学生主体角色被动困境的主要原因。为此,提出学习制度要体现人性化,学习目的要具有多元性,学习材料要充满时代性,学习方式要多样化,课堂社会关系要和谐,学习评价要多元化。为课堂教学中学生主体角色建构提供启示,为当前的课堂教学改革提供借鉴。

The survey shows that the main role of students in classroom teaching falls into many passive predicaments,which are mainly manifested in the disciplined learning system,the alienation of learning purposes,and the restriction of learning materials.From the perspective of new institutionalism,this paper analyzes the passive dilemma of students’main role in the process of institutionalization.The main causes for the passive dilemma of students’main role in classroom teaching are the strict discipline of regulations built upon regulatory system elements,the single restriction expectation of the learning purpose shaped by nominative system elements,and the limitation of learning materials under the influence of cultural-cognitive system elements.To this end,it is proposed that the learning system should embody humanity,the learning purpose should be multiple and flexible,the learning materials should suit the times,the learning methods should be diversified,the classroom social relations should be harmonious,and the learning evaluation should be pluralistic,which can provide both inspiration for the construction of students’main role in classroom teaching and reference for the current classroom teaching reform.