撤、守两难背后的政治博弈:1950年蒋介石撤守海南之决策历程研究

The Political Game Behind the Dilemma of Withdrawal and Defense:A Study of Chiang Kai-shek's Decision-making Process of Withdrawal from Hainan in 1950

1950年1月,美援绝望之中的蒋介石制定了撤守海南的"地字第一号计划"。之后,蒋的撤守决策迟迟未公开和实施。4月20日,驻守海南的粤系力战不支,请求撤退,蒋才得以实现其撤守规划。派系之争和美国势力的影响是左右蒋决策的两大关键。此决策历程中,派系之争的影响逐渐消减;而美国势力自始至终都持有强大的影响力。这反映了台湾政局中民国派系政治的终结与美国强势地位的保持。

In January 1950,Chiang Kai-shek,in despair of US aid,formulated the plan of“No.1 Geographical Character”to withdraw from Hainan.After that,Chiang’s decision to withdraw was not made public and implemented.On April 20,Chiang was able to realize his plan of withdrawal only when the Guangdong forces stationed in Hainan failed to continue fighting and asked for their withdrawal.The factional disputes and the influence of American forces were the two key factors influencing Chiang’s decision-making,and in this decision-making process,the influence of factional disputes gradually diminished.The American power had a strong influence from beginning to end,which reflects the end of the political system of the Republic of China in the political situation in Taiwan and the maintenance of the strong position of the United States.