二战后德国吕内堡荒原自然保护区英属军事训练场环境问题与生态修复

Environmental Issues and Ecological Rehabilitation of the British Military Training Base in Lüneburg Wilderness Nature Reserve in Post-WWⅡ Germany

作为一门新兴的历史学科,军事环境史研究的是战争给敌对国家或对手造成的诸多自然环境的破坏,以及这些破坏反过来给人带来的严重后果。以德国吕内堡荒原自然保护区内英占军事训练场为例,战争对荒原内独特的自然景观和生态物种丰富多样性破坏严重,带来巨大的生态灾难。随着1994年德国宣布对军事训练场的收回,在一系列生态修复的举措下,该区不但恢复了很多自然景观,而且还被赋予新的环保理念,即将整个自然保护区乃至整个荒原打造成一个以绿色旅游开发为中心,自然景观和人文景观相结合的生态环保示范区。德国这方面的生态环保理念可供世人学习,而且这样的军事环境史研究无疑也可为军事史研究提供许多新思路、新视野和新方法。

As an emerging discipline of history,the military environmental history mainly focuses on how wars brought about great damage to the natural environment of the enemy states and rivals and what serious consequences the damage in turn did to people.Take the British military training base in Lüneburg wilderness nature reserve,for example,wars damaged its unique natural landscapes and diversity of ecological species and caused unmeasurable ecological disasters.Since Germany declared to get back the military training base in 1994,with a series of ecological rehabilitation measures,not only many natural landscapes have been restored there,but also new environmental protection concepts have been applied there,so the whole nature reserve,and even the whole wild area is planned to be turned into an eco-environmental demonstration zone centered on green tourism development,and incorporated with natural landscape and humanistic landscape.In this regard,Germans offer all of us an eco-environmental protection concept that is worth our learning.As far as academic significance is concerned,such studies of military environmental history surely provide studies of military history with many new thoughts,new perspectives,and new methods.