长江经济带水环境保护及治理政策比较研究

Comparative Study of Water Environment Protection and Governance Policies on the Yangtze River Economic Belt

长江是中华民族的母亲河、生命线,是我国重要的生态宝库,在长江经济带发展中居于重中之重的地位。本文利用政策三分法对长江经济带各省市的水环境政策进行分类总结,对比分析水环境保护及治理目标的差异,并从水资源保护、水污染治理、污水排放管理、跨界协调管理四个方面研判各省市水环境保护及治理政策工具的差异。研究显示,当前长江经济带各省市政策工具均以政府主导的强制型政策为主,强制型、激励型、自愿型构成的混合型政策为辅;下游地区大部分的政策目标与政策工具相对强于中上游。本文研究结果可为长江经济带水环境协调发展和相关政策调整提供依据,也期为其他地区生态环境政策的研究和制定提供参考。

The Yangtze River is the mother river and lifeline of the Chinese nation, as well as an important ecological treasure house of China. This paper adopts the policy triad to classify and summarize the water environment policies of the Yangtze River Economic Belt provinces, then makes a comparative analysis of the goals of water environment protection and management, and finds out the differences of water environmental policy tools in terms of water resources protection, water pollution control, sewage management, and cross-border coordination management. The research shows that the current policy tools of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are mainly governmentled coercive policies, supplemented by hybrid policies of coercive, incentive and voluntary natures. Most policy objectives and tools in the downstream region are relatively stronger than those in the midstream and upstream. The research results can provide a basis for the coordinated development of water environment and relevant policy adjustment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and also provide a reference for the research and formulation of ecological and environmental policies in other regions.