地基GPS用于阿勒泰积雪深度反演研究

The Study of Ground-based GPS Retrieved Snow Depth in Altay

积雪作为主要的淡水资源,准确地监测积雪覆盖与雪深具有十分重要的意义。随着全球卫星导航系统的不断建设和新技术新应用的不断发展,地基GPS遥感积雪参数技术越来越受国内外学者的重视。本文基于阿勒泰市气象局的GPS地表环境监测站观测数据,采用GPS-MR技术开展了积雪深度反演研究。首先给出了GPS-MR技术用于积雪深度反演的基本原理,其次利用阿勒泰GPS监测站2017年1—3月的数据进行了积雪深度反演分析,最后针对不同GPS卫星高度角区间影响进行精度分析。研究结果表明地基GPS可用于阿勒泰气象站积雪深度反演,与实测雪深较差优于3 cm,且较优卫星高度角区间为5°～20°。地基GPS用于积雪深度反演具有全天候、高精度、高时间分辨率、高自动化、低成本等优点,可充分发挥现有地基GNSS气象监测站在积雪探测领域潜在的应用价值,以期地基GNSS监测站成为积雪遥感探测手段的有效补充。

Snow is the main freshwater resource in the world,it is of great significance to accurately monitor snow cover and snow depth.With the rapid development of GNSS building up and the application technology of GNSS,many scholars pay more attention to the widely application of GNSS on remote sensing of snow parameters.Based on the data collected at GPS surface environmental monitoring stations in Altay,GPS-MR technique was applied to carry out the research of snow depth.Firstly,the theory of GPS-MR was introduced to study the retrieving of snow depth.Secondly,the three month GPS data from January to March in 2017 in Altay would be used to retrieve snow depth.Finally,the precision analysis was carried out for the influence of different GPS satellite elevation angles.The experimental results showed that ground-based GPS could be used to retrieve snow depth,and the deviation from measured data was less than 3 cm,the optimal GPS satellites elevation angle range was 5°-20°.With the advantages of all-weather,high-precision,automation,high time-resolution and low cost characteristics of GPS-MR technology for retrieving snow depth,the potential application value of the existing ground-based GNSS meteorological monitoring station could be fully excavated,so we expected the ground-based GNSS observing data would become an effective complement for snow remote sensing study.