崇祯朝士论困局与明末政治文化解析——以对温体仁的评价为例

The Predicament of Scholar-officials' Remarks in the Reign of Emperor Chongzhen( 崇祯) and the Analysis of the Political Culture in Ming Dynasty: Taking Example of the Comments on Wen Tiren( 温体仁)

明末,阁臣温体仁曾长期独得崇祯帝的信赖与任用,而与其顺遂仕途形成鲜明对比的,却是朝野上下对其旷日持久的弹劾与抨击。崇祯君臣之间产生了持久的意见反差与话语对抗,这构成明末一种独特的政治文化现象。士大夫话语权通过广泛议政和会推选官得以高涨,而党争因素的时隐若现,又使得士人动机和立场受到质疑,崇祯帝着意压制乃至排斥士论。在强势振作的皇帝威势之下,崇祯朝士论虽喧嚣不止,却于朝政影响乏力,这一困局反映出明朝末年皇权专制绝对性与士大夫政治话语之间的对抗态势。

In the reign of emperor Chongzhen(崇祯),Wen Tiren(温体仁)got trust and appointment from the emperor for a long time.However,in stark contrast to his successful political career,various government officials criticized and impeached him continuously,which constitutes a unique political cultural phenomenon in the late Ming Dynasty.The voice of scholar-officials was strengthened through their political participation and huitui(会推,to select officials by recommendation)system,yet because of the looming partisanship,the motive and the standpoint of scholar-officials had been questioned,emperor Chongzhen intentionally suppressed and even rejected the remarks of the scholars.Under the mighty power of the emperor,the scholar-officials had little influence on the political situation in spite of their obstreperous discussion on the state affairs.This predicament reflects confront between the autocratic imperial power and the political discourse of scholar-officials in the late Ming Dynasty.