国际发展援助的转变——目标、资源与机制

Major Changes in the Global Development Landscape: Goals, Resources, and Institutions

目前,国际发展援助体系出现了三种转向。首先,在国际发展目标方面,在联合国达成了新的可持续发展目标后,国际发展迅速向可持续发展目标靠拢,发达国家控制国际发展议程的能力有所减弱。其次,在发展资源供给方面,除了官方发展援助之外,其他形式的发展资源日益增多,且对官方发展援助造成一定冲击。再次,在机制方面,发展筹资从融资安排上进一步改变了官方发展援助的融资模式及其利用方式。可持续发展作为国际发展的焦点,协调着各国政府的发展偏好,引导官方发展援助向可持续发展目标倾斜,可持续发展起着路线图的作用。发展筹资着眼于解决官方发展援助资源不足的问题,对官方发展援助构成了筹资压力。发展筹资的出现对发达国家如何利用官方发展援助增加资源供给提出了新要求。不过,就路径依赖而言,发展筹资作为新的资金机制安排,还不可能替代官方发展援助。但是,筹资作为发展的核心议题依然是官方发展援助的关注重点。在现有可持续发展目标框架下继续改革官方发展援助,以缓解国际发展筹资压力,这在很大程度上主导着未来国际发展援助体系的走向。

Major changes in terms of goal,resource,and institution are discernible in the current global development landscape.The United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has become the overarching agenda,outmatching some of the developed countries own agendas.Development resources other than official development assistance have multiplied.Various emerging forms of development finance has challenged the ODA’s dominant role as the leading model of development finance.Sustainable development has become the focus of international development efforts,coordinating national governments’preferences and steer ODA resources in its favor.Although development finance has placed a higher requirement on the advanced economies in terms of ODA usage,this new financing arrangement will not replace ODA’s traditional role in the foreseeable future.Financing will continue to be an important ODA issue.The evolution of global development assistance will depend on the effectiveness of continued ODA reforms within the 2030 Agenda framework.