全球金融治理的内在张力——等级结构下的网络化治理

The Inherent Tension of Global Financial Governance: Networked Governance in a Hierarchical Structure

在经济全球化的趋势下,全球金融治理对于维护国际金融秩序稳定具有重要意义。国际金融体系的等级结构和国际金融的网络化治理之间的潜在冲突构成了全球金融治理的内在张力。在国际金融体系的等级结构下,国家之间的权威关系、功能和利益分化以及金融权力的不对称分配是造成核心和外围国家间冲突的潜在因素。在网络化治理中,网络成员在协商过程中的对等关系和基于软法的治理模式使这一治理机制具有"去等级化"的特征。等级结构主要通过两种机制作用于国际金融的网络化治理以实现二者间的张力调和。第一种机制是治理网络之间的横向竞争。核心和外围国家间的功能和利益分化使二者倾向于参与由同类国家组成的治理网络,进而导致网络之间的规范竞争和全球金融治理体系的碎片化。第二种机制体现在治理网络间的纵向分工中。核心区国家在等级结构中拥有的结构性优势使其在全球金融治理中的议程设置、标准制定和监督三种功能网络中均占据主导地位。中国作为国际金融体系内最重要的外围国家,需要在积极参与区域性金融建制的同时保持与发达经济体的紧密合作,提高自身在不同治理阶段的影响力。

The hierarchical structure and networks-based governance model of the global financial system create tensions for effective global financial governance.In the global financial hierarchy,power differentials,functional divisions,interest divergences,disproportional distribution of financial power are the causes of disagreements and disputes between core countries on the one hand and peripheral ones on the other.In the networks-based governance structure,the fact that members are co-equals bound by soft laws tends to level the global hierarchical structure.Two mechanisms are created to moderate the tension between the hierarchical structure and networked-based governance,i.e.,horizontal competition between networks,whereby functional and interest divergences among core actors and peripheral ones drive each camps to participate in different networks composed of like-minded countries to engage in normative competitions;and vertical divisions of labor whereby core actors makes the best use of their structural advantages to play a dominant role in agenda-setting,standard-making,and supervision.As one of the most important peripheral actors in the global financial system,China has to actively participate in regional financial rule-making while strengthening coordination with advanced economies,thereby increasing its weight in the global financial governance hierarchy.