赣北地区直播早稻品种的筛选及其丰产性研究

Screening for Direct Seeding Early Rice Varieties and Their High-yield Ability in Northern Jiangxi Province

为筛选适宜赣北地区的直播早稻品种及明确其丰产特性,以适宜江西省种植的21个早稻品种(组合)为试验材料,在南昌进行大田直播种植,比较分析了不同品种生育期、群体质量和产量形成特征。结果表明,鄱优364、荣优286、两优287、荣优2933、荣优2994和荣优3327等品种生育期偏长,不适宜直播栽培;其余生育期适宜的15个品种中,陵两优722、柒两优2012、优I156和淦鑫203产量高,具有多穗、大粒和日产量高的特点,直播栽培能够获得高产;而潭两优83产量中等、生育期短,直播栽培可协调生育期长的晚稻品种搭配,实现晚稻的高产和稳产。经聚类分析,陵两优722、柒两优2012、优I156和淦鑫203为高产品种,株两优538、嘉育948、荣优2933和中早25为低产品种,其余为中产品种。对不同产量水平品种的群体质量和产量形成特征进行分析,发现高产品种表现出穗多、粒质量大、日产量高,抽穗期叶面积指数较高,穗分化期干物质积累量大,茎鞘物质输出及转化率高的特点。试验结果可为赣北地区直播早稻品种的选择和遗传改良提供参考。

To screen for direct seeding early rice varieties suitable for Northern Jiangxi Province and study on their high‐yield abilities,21 early rice varieties were planted as direct seeding rice in Nanchang,the growth period,yield and its compositions,population quality and yield formation characteristics of them were analyzed.The result showed that,the growth periods of‘PY364’,‘RY286’,‘LY287’,‘RY2933’,‘RY2994’,and‘RY3327’,were too long for planting as direct seeding rice.As for the others,‘LLY722’,‘QLY2012’,‘YI156’,‘GX203’,which possessed abundant panicles,heavy grains and high daily yield increase,could achieve high yield when planted as direct seeding rice.The‘TLY83’,with medium yield and short growth period,which was only 102 d,could ensure the late rice sown early and improve possibility to get a desired yield.According to cluster analysis,‘LLY722’,‘QLY2012’,‘YI156’,‘GX203’were high‐yield varieties,‘ZLY538’,‘JY948’,‘RY2933’,‘ZZ25’were low‐yield varieties,others were middle‐yield varieties.The analysis on the yield compositions and dry matter accumulation of the varieties with different yield levels revealed that high yield varieties exhibited more panicle numbers,heavier grains,higher daily yield increase,displayed higher LAI(leaf area index)on heading stage,more dry matter accumulation in the panicle differentiation stage,higher output and transformation rate of stem dry matter.The result would provide references for the selection and genetic improvement of direct seeding early rice varieties in Northern Jiangxi Province.