魏县梨树花期和幼果期冻害规律调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Frostbite Law of Pear Tree in Wei County During Flowering Stage and Young Fruit Stage

近年来,气象灾害愈加频繁,倒春寒每年都有可能发生,给果农带来不可估量的损失。本文对魏县梨树花期和幼果期冻害发生规律进行了调查与分析。结果表明:前期温度越高,冻害越重,低温出现越晚,危害越重;确定了魏县梨树花期和幼果期冻害预警指标(严重低温冻害为TD≤-2℃,低温冻害为-2℃<TD≤0℃,低温冷害为0℃<TD≤2℃);花期重度冻害为80%≤受冻率<100%,中度冻害为30%<受冻率<80%,轻度冻害为0<受冻率≤30%;地上150 cm为分界线,向上冻害渐轻、向下冻害渐重;耐受低温能力花萼>花瓣>雄蕊>雌蕊;枝>花>幼果;梨树花、果的受冻率、黑心率不能直接指示当年产量损失,只能作为灾损率的预估指标。

In recent years,meteorological disasters have become more frequent,late spring coldness could happen every year.It is immeasurable damage to the farmers.This paper investigated and analyzed the occurrence regularity of frostbite in the flowering stage and young fruit stage of pear tree in Wei county.The results showed that the morethe temperature was the higher in the early stage,the more the frost damage was the heavier,the more the low temperature appeared the later,the more the harm was serious.The early warning index of frostbite of pear tree in Wei county was determined(severe cold freezing damage:TD≤-2℃,low temperature frost damage:-2℃<TD≤0℃,low temperature cold damage:0℃<TD≤2℃;flowering severe frost damage:80%≤freezing rate<100%,moderate freezing damage:30%<freezing rate<80%,mild freezing damage:0<freezing rate≤30%;150 cm on the ground is the dividing line,and the upward frostbite gradually becomes lighter and downward frostbite gradually becomes heavier;Low temperature tolerance:calyx>petal>stamen>pistil;branch>flower>young fruit;The freezing rate of the pear tree fruit,the black heart rate,does not directly indicate the loss of annual production,can only be used as an estimate of the disaster rate.