平心而论:《四库提要》批评李梦阳的视角与态度

Si KuQuan Shu Zongmu’s Criticism of Li Mengyang’s Perspective and Attitude

《四库全书总目》中有关明代作家李梦阳的评语有一百余条,内容包括对其引领文学复古运动的看法、对其文坛领袖地位及其影响的体认、对其人品气节的论议、对其文学创作才华与成就的评价等,意见大多都表现出一定的客观与公正性。评论也从侧面反映出四库馆臣的主体文学批评观,即提倡文学革新、重视作家的创作才气、反对一味模拟等,可补充目下文学批评史之遗漏,弥足珍贵。不仅体现了四库馆臣对明代复古文学的总体批评观,也反映出他们对文学发展与演变规律的宏观把握。

The Si Ku Quan Shu Zongmu contains more than a hundred articles on or about the Ming Dynasty writer Li Mengyang, including comments on his starting the literary "Back to the Ancients" movement, due recognition of his leadership status and influence, due appreciation of his literary talent and achievements, etc., mostly exhibiting a fair degree of objective impartiality. In an oblique way, these comments reflect Siku compilers' subjective views of literary criticism, that is, their advocate for literary innovation, due recognition of writers' creative talent, opposition to literary mimicking. And not only that, these comments showcase the Siku compilers' general appreciation of the Ming literary retro movement, as well as their comprehensive grasp of literary developments and evolution.