武汉市土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)时空特征研究

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) in Wuhan City

为揭示武汉市1994—2016年土地利用/覆被变化特征和三峡库区重要节点土地利用状况。利用1994年、2006年和2016年三期LandsatTM遥感影像和基础地理数据,通过目视解译对武汉市土地利用类型进行监督分类,分析武汉市土地利用结构特征、土地利用与覆盖变化的时空格局和重心迁移特征。研究结果表明:1994—2016年间,研究区的草地、水域和城乡、工矿、居民用地增加比例分别为0.48%、0.19%和4.53%;林地、耕地和未利用土地减少比例分别为0.82%、0.70%和0.99%;研究区内30.77%的区县草地面积比例最高,其次是林地、耕地。2016年城乡、工矿、居民用地比例最高的区县占武汉市总区县的50%。1994—2006年间,研究区各用地类型之间的相互转换较多;耕地的动态变化最为明显,总面积减少了972.69 km^2;林地净增加最多,为900 km^2;草地净增加264.38 km^2;城乡、工矿、居民用地净增加39.63 km^2。2006—2016年10年间,土地利用变化面积比例为63.69%;耕地和林地的动态变化最为明显;城乡、工矿、居民用地的转入面积为1738.79 km^2,转出面积为83.93 km^2;水域主要由林地和草地转化而来。22年间耕地的重心迁移最明显,向西南方向偏移29.14 km;草地向西北方向偏移16.59 km;林地向东南方向偏移12.99 km;城乡、工矿、居民用地和水域用地类型的重心迁移量微弱。

In order to reveal the land use/cover change characteristics of Wuhan City the land use status of important nodes in the Three Gorges reservoir region,based on Landsat TM remote sensing images and basic geographic data in 1994,2006 and 2016,this paper supervised and classified the land use types in Wuhan City through visual interpretation,and analyzed the characteristics of land use structure,the spatial and temporal pattern of land use/cover change and the characteristics of the change of gravity center.The results were shown as follows;(1)The proportion of grassland,water area,urban and rural land,industrial and mining land and residential land in the study area increased by 0.48%,0.19%and 4.53%respectively from 1994 to 2016.The forest land,arable land and unused land decreased by 0-82%,0.70%and 0.99%respectively.(2)30.77%districts in the study area had the highest proportion of grassland.followed by forest land and arable land.In 2016,the districts with the highest proportion of urban and rural land,industrial and mining land and residential land accounted for half of the total districts in Wuhan City.(3)From 1994 to 2006,there was more mutual conversion among different land use types in the study area.The dynamic change of arable land was the most obvious,with the total area decreased by 972.69 km^2,The net increase of forest land was the highest,up to 900 km^2 and the net increase of grassland was 264.38 km^2.Urban and rural land,industrial and mining land and residential land had a net gain of 39.63 km^2.(4)From 2006 to 2016,the proportion of change area in land use was 63.69%.The dynamic change of arable land and forest land was the most obvious.The transferredFn area of urban and rural land,industrial and mining land and residential land was 1738.79km^2,and the transferred-out area was 83.93km^2.The water area was mainly converted from forest land and grassland.(5)During the 22 years,the gravity center of arable land changed most obviously,with a deviation of 29.14km to the southwest,the grassland was shifted to the northwest by 16.59km and the forest land was shifted to the Southeast by 12.99km.The change of gravity center of urban and rural land,industrial and mining land,residential land and water area was weaker than the arable land's change of gravity center.