新疆北疆地区儿童先天性心脏病筛查与危险因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of congenital heart disease in northern Xinjiang

目的:研究新疆北疆地区儿童先天性心脏病(先心病)的发病率及相关危险因素。方法:选取2013年1月至2016年1月新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院及新疆北疆地区6家大型三级甲等医院进行先心病筛查的9528!例儿童。另选取250例健康儿童作为对照。通过调查问卷的形式,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型对先心病的危险因素进行分析。结果:9528!例儿童中,先心病患儿86例,检出率为0.9%,其中房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭发病率较高。单因素Logis-tic分析显示:父母年龄、产检次数、胎数、TORCH病毒感染、烟草暴露、孕早期饮酒史、孕期营养不良、房屋装修、孕期是否按疗程服用叶酸与先心病相关(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:父亲年龄≥50岁、母亲年龄≥35岁、产检次数<9次、TORCH病毒感染、多胎、孕期营养不良、孕早期饮酒史、房屋装修以及孕期未按疗程服用叶酸是先心病的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:新疆北疆地区儿童先心病发病率较高;父母年龄大、TORCH病毒感染、多胎、孕期营养不良及孕早期饮酒、房屋装修、孕期未按疗程服用叶酸均为先心病的危险因素。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of congenital heart disease(CHD) in northern Xinjiang. Methods:A total of 9,528 infants in northern Xinjiang were screened for CHD from January 2013 to January 2016.250 healthy infants were selected as controls.A questionnaire was performed.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for CHD. Results:Of 9,528 infants, 86 cases(0.9%) were diagnosed as CHD, and atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus were the most prevalent.The age of parents, antenatal examination times, fetus number, TORCH infection, early pregnancy smoking and drinking, malnutrition during pregnancy, housing decoration, and taking folic acid compliance were related to CHD( P <0.05).Multivariate logistic analysis showed that father’s age≥50 years, mother’s age≥35 years, antenatal examination times<9, TORCH infection, multiple pregnancies, malnutrition and drinking during pregnancy, housing decoration, and poor compliance folic acid supplements were independent risk factors for CHD( P <0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of CHD was relatively high in northern Xinjiang.Older parents, TORCH infection, multiple pregnancies, malnutrition and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, house decoration, and failure to take folic acid during pregnancy were risk factors for CHD.