微小深孔加工综述

Summary of Micro Deep Holes Machining

微小深孔加工一直是制造业所关注的问题之一。传统加工方法中最为有效的是机械钻削加工,但随着材料科学的发展,微小深孔钻削过程中出现了瓶颈,如刀具难以冷却、排屑困难等问题,致使微小深孔加工的深径比小,加工质量差,在钻削过程中常出现断刀的现象,而对于一些难加工材料,采用传统刀具加工效率低或者根本无法加工。针对传统加工方法所存在的不足,开发了各类特种加工方法,如电火花加工、电解加工、超声加工、激光加工以及电子束加工等,对其加工原理、加工特点以及所存在的不足进行了综述,在此基础上,分析了各类复合加工技术的特点,在加工技术上取长补短,弥补各自所存在的不足。复合加工技术将在未来制造业中得到广泛应用。

It has always been one of the concerns of the manufacturing industry for the micro deep holes machining.Mechanical drilling was the most effective method in traditional machining,but with the development of the material science,the problems appeared in the process of the drilling micro-deep holes,such as the difficulty of cutting tool cooling,the difficulty of chip removal and so on,which led to the small ratio of depth to diameter,poor machining quality and the phenomena of tool breakage often occurred in the drilling process,and to some difficult-to-machine materials,traditional drilling tools had low efficiency or even was useless at all.Aimed at the shortcomings of traditional machining methods,specific machining methods were developed,such as electric discharge machining,electrochemical machining,ultrasonic machining,laser machining and electron beam machining,and the machining principle,machining characteristics and existing shortcomings were also summarized.Based on these,the characteristics of some composite machining technology were analyzed.As the shortcomings were made up with each other,combined maching will be widely used in the future manufacturing industry.