生物质转化制备5-乙氧基甲基糠醛液体燃料研究进展

A review: research progress in production of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

5-乙氧基甲基糠醛(5-ethoxymethylfurfural,简称EMF)是一种具有成为新一代生物燃料或者燃料添加剂潜力的高附加值化学品,具有优良的能量密度和燃烧性能。通过醇解制备EMF是生物质资源化利用的重要途径之一,也是农业废弃物生物质资源化利用的重要方式。本文介绍了EMF制取原料、催化剂及催化体系的特性,综述了糖类、农林废弃生物质等不同种类原料制取EMF的研究现状,虽然农林废弃生物质转化率较低,但具有原料成本低、来源丰富的优势。在此基础上,分类综述了无机酸、固体酸、离子液体等不同催化体系制取EMF的现状、优势和不足,无机酸存在易腐蚀、不易回收等问题;离子液体目前成本较高,固体酸则催化效率较高、易回收,极具发展潜力。提出开发以低廉生物质资源为原料直接合成EMF的技术将是未来研究的重要方向,反应高效、环境友好、经济可行的EMF生产路径是实现工业化生产的基础。

5-Ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), a high value chemical which has high energy density and excellent combustion performance, is a new biofuel or fuel additive. The preparation of EMF by alcoholysis is one of the important approaches for the utilization of biomass, especially agricultural wastes. The characteristics of raw materials, catalysts and catalytic systems for EMF production are introduced in this paper. The research status, existing problems and developing trends of EMF production from different raw materials are investigated and studied. Though the yield of EMF from agricultural wastes is not high, it has the advantage of cheap and abundant raw material. The research advantages, disadvantages and developing trends of EMF production catalyzed by different catalysts, such as mineral acids, solid acids and ionic liquids are also analyzed. Mineral acids are corrosive to reactors and difficult to be reused and ionic liquids are expensive at present, whereas solid acids are efficient and recyclable. It has been suggested that EMF produced directly from cheap and abundant biomass is the most important research direction in the future, and highly effective, environmentally friendly and economical EMF production process is the basis of the industrial production.