论未遂犯的行为构造与存在范围

On Attempted Crime Behavior Structure and Its Existence Scope

我国关于未遂犯存在范围的理论研讨缺乏统一的评价标准,应当以未遂犯的行为构造为评价标准来划定未遂犯的存在范围。未遂犯的行为构造主要包括三个部分:未遂犯之客观构成要件、主观构成要件及类型化要件。过失犯不存在未遂形态。故意的真正不作为犯存在未遂形态。在故意的结果加重犯中,如果基本结果和加重结果之间存在种属关系,则该类结果加重犯不存在未遂形态;如果基本结果和加重结果之间不存在种属关系,则该类结果加重犯存在未遂形态。

Lack of unified evaluation standards for theoretical research of attempted crime existence scope in China makes it necessary to redefine attempted crime existence scope on the basis of the evaluation standards for attempted crime behavior structure,which mainly includes objective elements,subjective elements and categorization elements of attempted crimes.Unaccomplished states are contained in negligent crimes rather than in intentional crimes of omission.In consequence-aggravated intentional crimes,unaccomplished states are contained in the species results on condition that there are species relationships between the basic results and aggravated results,and vice versa.