智能机器人民事主体制度构建

Construction of Civil Subject System of Intelligent Robot

人工智能在给人类社会带来进步的同时,也向人类发出了挑战。将智能机器人视为法律关系的客体所导致的法律困境,可以通过赋予智能机器人以法律主体地位得以解决。通过价值分析发现,姑且不论智能机器人可以在自我责任下高效服务人类,单就低调谦卑与人类主体相融合的态度就足以获得人类的主体认同,因而赋予智能机器人民事主体地位具有法理正当性。在智能机器人民事主体制度构建方面,可以利用比较分析的方法借鉴法人民事主体设立的经验,立足于义务本位的赋权理念,赋予智能机器人限制权利能力,利用救济代理和责任替代的路径弥补其权利行使的不能和责任承担的不足。

Artificial intelligence brings both progress and challenges to human society.The legal dilemma caused by treating intelligent robot as the object of legal relationship can be solved by endowing intelligent robot with the status of legal subject.Through value analysis,we found that only the attitude of quiet and humble towards human subject can help intelligent robot get the subject identity from humans,let alone the efficient service to human under selfresponsibility.Therefore giving intelligent robot civil subject status has legal justification.Constructing the subject system of intelligent robot can make use of the comparative analysis method and then draw lessons from the construction of subject system of legal person.Based on the concept of obligation-based empowerment,intelligent robots could be endowed with limited rights.Their inability to exercise their rights and inadequacy to bear their responsibilities could be made up for by means of relief agency and substitution responsibility.