中国反贫困成效可持续性的隐忧与长效机制构建——基于可持续生计框架的考察

Concerns about Chinese Sustainable Anti-poverty and Long-term Mechanism Construction in the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework

基于可持续性生计框架的考察表明:随着精准扶贫战略的实施,中国反贫困虽取得重大进展,但仍存在可持续性不足的诸多隐忧,主要表现在生计环境有效改善,但仍潜藏着致贫返贫风险;生计资本大幅增加,但仍存在结构性失衡;生计选择有效拓展,但仍受多重因素限制。中国反贫困成效持续性不足的主要成因,一是在帮扶内容上,重物质帮扶轻内生动能;二是在推进方式上,重行政手段轻市场机制;三是在制度构建上,重当期脱贫轻长远发展;四是在主体协同上,重政府主导轻贫困户参与。构建反贫困长效机制必须重视扶贫干预的环节前置,围绕生计环境、生计资本、组织机构和程序规则、生计选择、生计后续扶持等方面,加强贫困农户的能力培育和扶贫政策体系的顶层优化。

An examination based on the sustainable livelihoods framework shows that with the implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy, concerns exist about the deficiency in the sustainability of anti-poverty in China despite its significant progress, featured with a potential risk of disease-induced poverty and disease-caused poverty return regardless of the improvement of livelihood environment ,structural imbalances in the livelihood capital growth in spite of its increase , and livelihood option expansions constrained by multiple factors. The article accounts for the main causes of the Chinese anti-poverty inadequacy --focusing on providing financial assistance in poverty alleviation while neglecting cultivating the poor family’s endogenetic impetus ,stressing administrative measures in implementation while ignoring the market mechanism, emphasizing temporary poverty relief while overlooking its long-term development in institutional construction, attaching importance to government guidance while neglecting the participation of the low-income family in integrated development. Consequently, establishing a long-term anti-poverty mechanism means that priorities should be given to prerequisites for poverty alleviation intervention, enhancing the low-income family’s capacity cultivation and top-level optimization of poverty alleviation policy system which revolves around livelihood environment, livelihood capital, organization structure and procedural rules, livelihood options and livelihood follow-up support.