高龄老人睡眠节律对睡眠质量及认知的影响

Effects of sleep rhythm on sleep quality and cognition in the senior people

目的了解高龄老年人睡眠节律对认知功能及睡眠质量的影响。方法利用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和简易智能状态量表(MMSE)检查112例高龄离退休老年人的睡眠质量及认知功能,按睡眠节律分为早醒组、正常组、入睡困难组和混合组,按睡眠时间分为<5 h组、5～8 h组和> 8 h组。结果在PSQI的各因子中,日间功能障碍、睡眠障碍、入睡时间、催眠药物与MMSE因子中的即刻回忆、延迟回忆、命名、理解有显著相关性(P <0.05)。与正常睡眠节律的高龄老人相比,早醒组各项因子得分除定向力外,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05),入睡困难组PSQI因子中的主观睡眠质量、睡眠时间和效率、入睡时间、催眠药物,MMSE因子中的理解、视空间觉差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),混合睡眠障碍组PSQI中的睡眠时间、入睡时间,MMSE中的即刻回忆、延迟回忆差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。与睡眠时间5～8 h的高龄老人相比,睡眠时间<5 h组在PSQI总分、主观睡眠质量、睡眠时间和效率方面差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),睡眠时间> 8 h组在PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠时间和效率、睡眠障碍方面差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论应重视老年人睡眠节律的调整,对入睡困难的老年人可适当给予中短效镇静催眠药物,以达到调整睡眠节律,提高睡眠质量,增强记忆功能的作用。

Objective To investigate the effects of sleep rhythm on cognitive function and sleep quality on senior people.Methods Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)and mini-mental state examination(MMSE)were used to examine 112 senior retired people's sleep quality and cognition.Results There was a significant correlation between the PSQI factors of diurnal dysfunction,sleep disorder,time of falling sleep,hypnotics and the MMSE factors of immediate recall,delayed recall,naming,and understanding.By comparing to the senior people who have normal sleeping rhythm,there was no significant difference on all the factor scores in the senior people who usually wake-up early except orientation(P>0.05).There was significant difference in the PSQI score of subjective sleep quality,sleep time and efficiency,time of falling asleep,hypnotics,and the MMSE scores of understanding,visual spatial perception between the sensior people who had the difficulty to fall asleep and the sensior people with normal sleeping rhythm(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the PSQI scores of the sleep efficiency,the time of falling asleep and the MMSE scores of immediate recall,delayed recall were significantly different between the sensior people with the mixed sleep disorder group and with normal sleeping rhythm(P<0.05).By comparing to the senior people who slept 5-8 hours per night,there was statistic difference in the the PSQI total score,subjective sleep quality,sleep time and efficiency in both the group with sleep time less than 5 hours per night and the group with sleep time more than 8 hours per night(P<0.05).Conclusion The adjustment of sleep rhythm in senior people should be paid more attention.To the senior people who have difficulty in falling asleep properly,medium to short-acting drug sedative hypnotics can be used,to adjust their sleep rhythm and improve sleep quality and enhance their memory function.