安徽合肥地区浅层地下水质量评价

Quality assessment for shallow groundwater in the Hefei area,Anhui Province

对合肥地区浅层地下水取样分析,采用单因子评价法、分类指标评价法和综合评价法对浅层地下水质量进行评价。结果显示:可以直接饮用的地下水资源(Ⅰ类水、Ⅱ类水和Ⅲ类水)占59. 3%,经过适当处理可以饮用的地下水资源(Ⅳ类水)占30. 5%,不能直接饮用的地下水资源(Ⅴ类水)占10. 2%。在地下水评价指标中,挥发性有机指标较好,毒性重金属指标和半挥发性有机指标次之,无机毒理指标和一般化学指标较差。影响地下水质量的化学组分主要为铁、锰、总硬度、溶解性总固体、氟、硫酸盐和钠+钾等无机组分,与人类活动相关的化学组分主要为氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、六价铬、砷、铝、碘、氯化物等无机组分和苯并(a)芘等有机组分。影响地下水质量的原因主要为城市和乡镇工业污水、生活污水排放,农村农药、化肥使用及生活垃圾污染。

Quality of shallow groundwater sampled from the Hefei area was assessed using single factor evaluation method,classification index evaluation method and comprehensive evaluation method.The results show that groundwater suitable for drinking directly(Ⅰ-Ⅲlevel)accounts for 59.3%,the groundwater after proper treatment(Ⅳlevel)for 30.5%,and the groundwater not suitable for drinking(Ⅴlevel)for 10.2%.Among all the assessment indices,volatile organic matter show better indication,followed by toxic heavy metal index and semi-volatile organic index.The inorganic toxicology index and the general chemical index are poor indicators.The natural chemical constituents affecting the quality of groundwater are iron,manganese,total hardness,total dissolved solid,fluorine,sulfate,sodium+potassium and other inorganic components.The chemical constituents related to human activities are inorganic components such as ammonia nitrogen,nitrate,nitrite,hexavalent chromium,arsenic,aluminum,iodine and chloride,and organic component such as benzopyrene.The main reasons affecting groundwater quality are urban and township industrial sewage,domestic sewage discharge,pesticides and fertilizers,and household garbage pollution.