范进为什么会发疯?——从《范进中举》透视明清科场士子的灵魂异化

Why Was Fan jin Mad——A Perspective of the Soul Alienation of the Imperial Masters in Ming and Qing Dynasties from The Scholars' Circle Gaiden

《儒林外史》塑造了以范进为代表的醉心功名利禄的腐儒群像,把明清科举文化下士子心灵扭曲、人格失落的丑态暴露出来。如果说喜剧是范进发疯的外在形式,那么"异化"就是其内在主题。中举原本一件好事,却出现了这样可悲的下场,这种悲哀的根源值得我们深思。科举制度到了明清弊端丛生,经历了前所未有的畸变和异化,背负起了沉重的历史包袱和骂名。以"八股文"为考试"内容",扭曲了考生的人格;录取过程中较多的偶然因素,诱使考生产生了伺机苦熬心理,以致战线漫长,投入过多;科举制度拖带出一种畸形的社会心态,考中与否前后反差过于强烈。

The Scholars’Circle Gaiden shaped the images of the corrupt Confucian group who enjoy fame and wealth represented by Fanjin.It absolutely revealed scholars’disgusting manners of the masters’distorted mind and lost personality under the imperial examination culturein Ming and Qing dynasties.If comedy is the external form of Fan jin’s madness,then“alienation”is its internal theme.Passing the provincial civil service examination originally was a good thing,but such a sad endcame out,the root of this sorrow is worth pondering.The imperial examination system abuses broke out in Ming and Qing dynasties,whichexperienced unprecedented distortion and alienation,bearing a heavy historical burden and blame.The imperial examination,taking“eight-part essay”as the examination“content”,distorted the examinee’s personality,more accidental factors in the process of admission induced candidates to wait for the opportunity no matter how long it took.The imperial examination system brought out a kind of abnormal social mentality,andthe contrast when the examinees were admitted or not.