“入户抢劫”案件中司法解释的适用——基于宪法分析的视角

The Application of Judicial Interpretation in “Home Robbery” Cases:From the Perspective of Constitutional Analysis

从宪法层面分析,"入户抢劫"涉及到财产权、居住自由以及婚姻家庭中的隐私权和老年、妇女、儿童等特殊主体的宪法权利保护问题。其中,"户"的解释直接影响甚至决定着上列宪法权利的保护范围和对犯罪嫌疑人是否加重处罚。最高人民法院的《法释[2000]35号文》与《法发[2005]8号文》先后分别将"户"解释为"进入他人生活的"住所和"供他人家庭生活"的住所;以"韩维等抢劫案"(指导性案例466号)为代表的一批案例适用《法释[2000]第35号文》,另有一批案例适用《法发[2005]8号文》。显然,前后两次的司法解释之间的冲突,导致了"同案不同判"的后果。根据我国现行《宪法》第39条"住宅不受侵犯"和第49条"婚姻家庭受保护"的立法精神,《法发[2005]8号文》将"户"界定为"供他人家庭生活的"住所,体现了对"户"之核心法益的保护,既符合《立法法》确认的"新法优于旧法"的适用原则,也符合罪刑法定原则和刑法谦抑政策,应当作为"入户抢劫"的案件的裁判依据。

From the constitutional point of view,“burglary”involves the protection of property rights,freedom of residence,privacy in marriage and family life,and the constitutional rights of the elderly,women,children and other special subjects.Among them,the interpretation of“household”directly affects or even determines the scope of protection of the above constitutional rights and whether the criminal suspects are punished more severely.The Supreme People’s Court’s Judicial Interpretation No.35 and No.8 interpret the term“household”as“residence into another’s life”and“residence for another’s family life”respectively.A number of cases represented by the robbery case (guiding case No.466) by Hanwei and others are applicable to Interpretation No.35 of the Supreme People’s Court.A number of cases apply [2005]eighth interpretation.Obviously,the conflict between the two judicial interpretations has led to the consequence of“different judgments in the same case”and the excessive protection of constitutional rights.In accordance with Article 39 of the Constitution and Article 49 of the Constitution,the house is inviolable and the marriage and family are protected.[2005] Interpretation 8 defines“household”as“residence for other people’s family life”,which embodies the protection of the core legal interests of“household”and conforms to the principle of“new law is superior to the old law”affirmed by the Legislative Law.It also conforms to the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime and the policy of modesty and restraint of criminal law,and should be used as the basis for the case of“burglary”.