网络匿名表达权在司法实践中的冲突与平衡

Conflicts and Equilibrium of the Right to Be Anonymous in Judicial Practice

网络的匿名性使个人用户可以在互联网平台上以各种身份进行自由表达,从权利属性上,匿名属于公民表达权保障的范畴。但是对匿名表达权滥用所导致的消极传播和网络犯罪,在司法实践上存在权利救济和责任认定的困难。针对网络匿名,实名制是我国目前最重要的信息管理制度。基于我国宪法赋予公民一般表达权和公共表达权的原则,应该有效平衡保护言论自由和隐私以及网络监管的冲突,实行有限实名制,有关公共政治言论的发表,政府还应承担保障和促进网络匿名表达权的义务。

Anonymity on line enables individuals express their opinions freely on various platforms.In terms of its attribute of right,anonymity belongs to the scope of the protection of right of expression.However,an abuse of the right to be anonymous has caused the spreading of negative information and network crimes,and it is difficult to carry out the right relief and the confirmation of responsibility.In China,the most important information management mechanism is the real-name system.Based on the principles concerning the citizens’normal expression rights and right of public expression in the constitution,we shall keep the balance between protecting freedom of expression and network supervision.Therefore,a limited real-name system shall be established.Moreover,the government shall fulfill its obligations of protect and promote the right of expression concerning the public political expression.