侧扫雷达测流系统开发与应用

Development and application of tangent sweeping radar flow measurement system

河流流量是水文水资源管理中最重要的参数之一,目前大多采用接触式测流,安装使用较为复杂,灵活性较差。利用雷达遥感技术对河流进行实时监测,研制出侧扫雷达测流系统,依据布拉格散射和多普勒原理测量河流的表面流速,使用这些数据及已知的河流横截面图(深度分布)和已测的水位计算出河流流量。侧扫雷达测流系统采用太阳能供电和移动蜂窝通信,流速测量、数据上传、流量合成无需人工干预,可实现河水流量的自动化监测。结果表明,侧扫雷达测流系统适用于各种复杂环境情况,能滤除船舶、周边建筑、陆地移动汽车等构成的雷达回波干扰,最大探测距离可达800 m以上,适用于内陆河流、界河、大江大湖等天然流域的流量监测。

River discharge is very important for hydrology and water resources management. At present, contact type flow measurement is often used, but the installation and use are more complicated and the flexibility is poor. In this paper, using radar remote sensing technology to monitor the river in real time, the developed tangent sweeping radar flow measurement system measures the surface velocity of the river based on Bragg scattering and Doppler principle. Using these data, along with known river cross-sectional views (depth profiles) and known water levels, the total river water displacement, the water volume flux through the section, is calculated. This flow measurement system adopts solar power supply and mobile cellular communication, and realizes automatic monitoring of river flow without manual intervention from velocity measurement, data uploading and flow generation. The results show that the radar is suitable for various complex environmental conditions, such as shoal, running beach. It is not affected by the sediment concentration and floating objects on the river, and can filter out radar echoes interference composed of ships, surrounding buildings and land mobile vehicles. The maximum detection distance can reach more than 00m, suitable for flow measurement of natural river basins such as inland rivers, boundary rivers and large rivers.