论梁启超“新民说”与鲁迅“立人”思想之关联

On the Relationship Between Liang Qichao's “Theory of New People” and Lu Xun's Thought of “Li Ren”

梁启超与鲁迅同为中国近现代史上不可或缺的思想家,两者的启蒙理论之间存在着诸多的关联。以"新民说"与"立人"思想为例,二者共同建立了一种以否定性思维为基础的启蒙理念:把社会"进化论"转换为一种关于人性进化的价值判断作为理论支撑,并通过反向批判"国民性"的多重痼疾来建构起自身对于启蒙理想的信念。因着这样相似的思维路径,梁启超与鲁迅从深层上得以联系起来,并且使其改造"国民性"的议题具有了一种深度的价值。

Liang Qichao and Lu Xun are two indispensable thinkers in modern Chinese history.They are very much related in their enlightenment theories.Taking the“theory of new people”and thought of“Li Ren”(being a man or making a man)as an example,the two theories establish an enlightening concept based on negative thinking:they transform the“theory of evolution”into a value judgment concerning the evolution of human nature as a theoretical basis,and build up a belief on the enlightenment ideal by the reverse criticism of the multiple chronic diseases of“national character”.Because they share a way of thinking,Liang Qichao and Lu Xun are profoundly connected,with the issue of transforming“national character”endowed with a value of depth.