贵州茂兰珠江流域人工防护林的鸟类群落结构特征

The avian community structure from artificial forest in the Pearl River Stream of Maolan,Guizhou Province

为了探究珠江流域人工防护林(以下简称珠防林)鸟类群落结构及其与天然林鸟类群落结构的差异性.2017年3月～2017年12月,采用样线法分别对贵州茂兰珠防林与周边天然林区的鸟类及环境因子进行调查,共记录鸟类106种,隶属17目46科.结果表明,两种林型鸟类种类及数量均为极显著差异(p<0.001),平均值为天然林大于珠防林.按取食集团划分,天然林4个鸟类取食集团均值大于珠防林,其中食虫鸟、食谷鸟表现为极显著差异(p<0.01).Pearson相关分析显示:鸟类种类与乔木种类、乔木数量、乔木盖度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),与乔木盖度、离公路平均距离呈显著正相关(p<0.05);鸟类数量与乔木数量、距公路平均距离极显著正相关,与乔木盖度、灌木盖度显著正相关,与人为干扰、距最近水源距离极显著负相关.增加珠防林乔木种类、灌木盖度与草本盖度,扩大植物群落多样性,有利于提高鸟类多样性.

In order to explore the avian community structure from artificial forest in the Pearl River Stream and compare avian community structure differences between artificial forest and natural forest,surveys on bird and environmental factors were carried out to forest,with line-transect method,in Maolan,Guizhou Province from March to December 2017.A total of 106 species of birds,belonging to 17 orders and 46 families,were recorded.The results showed that both the avian species richness and the avian abundance from the two forest types were significant different(p<0.001),and the average values from natural forest were higher than those from artificial forest.Four avian guilds from natural forest were all higher than artificial forest by comparing avian food types,among which insectivore and granivore exhibited highly significant difference(p<0.01).Pearson correlative analysis indicated that bird species were positively correlated with tree species,quantity and coverage(p<0.01)with highly significance,and positive correlated with tree coverage and average distance to highway(p<0.05)with significance.Avian numbers were positively correlated with tree quantity and distance from highways with highly significance,and positively correlated with tree coverage and shrub coverage significantly,while negatively correlated with human disturbance and distance from the nearest water resource with highly significance.In addition,bird diversity would be increased by raise arbor species,shrub coverage,grass coverage,and diversity expansion of plant community.