生态博物馆理念下传统村落保护发展的对策——以江西省为例

Countermeasures for the Protection and Development of Traditional Villages under the Concept of Eco-Museum——Take Jiangxi Province as an example

为了积极呼应"乡村振兴"国家战略的总体要求,促进我国农业农村的生产生活的发展水平得到快速提高。然而由于我国社会、文化的乡土特性,以及对现代化进程所具有的特殊意义,注定我国乡村发展必然不同于西方模式,亟待探索一条既符合我国国情发展,又有历史承载、诗意栖居的乡村发展道路。江西省作为传统农业大省,是生态资源与历史文化资源的富集之地,也是传统村落保存较好的省份,通过生态博物馆理念与实践可知,该理念对地域的文化传承、生态环境和社会发展方面的作用,与我国传统村落保护发展目标相契合。以生态博物馆的原址保护、开放保护、生态保护和活态保护为原则,结合江西生态文明试验区规划的政策导向,在学习借鉴外来经验的同时,应充分从国情乡情出发,重新评价我国公有制乡村发展中的制度优势和政府主导下的集体组织、集体经济的宏观统筹机制,以期引导江西传统村落在新形势下既能维护文化特色,又能实现生态与经济融合发展,造福地域居民的实践对策。

In order to respond positively to the overall requirements of the National Strategy for Rural Revitalization, the production and life of China's agricultural and rural areas has been rapidly improved. However, according to the local characteristics of China's society and culture, and the special significance of the modernization process, it is bound to be different from the Western model in China's rural development. It is urgent to explore a way that is not only in line with China's national conditions, but also has a historical bearing and poetic inhabitation. As a traditional agricultural province, Jiangxi Province is a rich place for ecological resources and historical and cultural resources. It is also a province with good preservation of traditional villages. From the concept and practice of Eco-Museum, we can see that its role in cultural heritage,ecological environment and social development is consistent with the development goal of traditional village protection in China. Based on the principles of site protection, open protection, ecological protection and living protection of ecological museums, and the policy orientation of the planning of Jiangxi ecological civilization pilot area, while learning from foreign experience, and proceeding from the national conditions and local conditions, this paper re-evaluates the institutional advantages of public-owned rural development in China and the macro-coordination mechanism of collective organizations and collective economy under the leadership of the government. In order to guide the traditional villages in Jiangxi correctly in the new situation, we can not only maintain the cultural characteristics, but also realize the integration of ecological and economic development, and benefit the local residents.