大五人格对中学生自杀意念的影响:心理韧性的中介效应与调节效应

The Influence of Five Factor Model on Middle School Students' Suicidal Ideation:the Mediating Effect and Regulating Effect of Mental Resilience

为了考察中学生心理韧性在人格特质与自杀意念之间的中介作用与调节作用,通过随机整群抽样方式,采用青少年人格五因素问卷、中学生心理韧性问卷与积极消极自杀意念量表对广西壮族自治区816名中学生进行调查。统计发现:(1)初中生心理韧性水平高于高中生,自杀意念水平低于高中生,城镇中学生心理韧性水平高于农村学生,自杀意念水平低于农村学生;(2)外倾性、宜人性、谨慎性、开放性有利于心理韧性的提升,可以遏制自杀意念,情绪性不利于心理韧性提升,会促使自杀意念升高,心理韧性的提升则会降低自杀意念水平;(3)大五人格会通过心理韧性间接影响自杀意念,心理韧性会影响大五人格(除了宜人性)与自杀意念间关系的强弱。由此可见,教师和家长应该注重对中学生人格的测量与干预,发挥外倾性、宜人性、谨慎性与开放性的积极作用,削弱情绪性的消极作用。

In order to investigate the mediating and regulating effect of middle school students’psychological resilience between personality and suicidal ideation,this study used random small group sampling method,using the Five Factor Personality Questionnaire for Middle School Students,Five Factor Personality Questionnaire for Middle School Students and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation for the 816 middle school students in Guangxi to conduct the investigation. The statistics show that,psychological resilience of junior high school students is higher than high school students,suicidal ideation level is lower than high school students. Urban middle school students have higher psychological resilience than rural students,and suicidal ideation level is lower than rural students. Extroverted,pleasant,prudent and exoteric character can improve psychological resilience,which can curb suicidal ideation. Emotionality is not conducive to the improvement of psychological resilience,but it will promote suicidal ideation,and the improvement of psychological resilience will reduce thelevel of suicidal ideation. Five Factor Model will indirectly affect suicidal ideation through psychological resilience,and psychological resilience will affect the strength of the relationship between Five Factor Model (except for pleasantness)and suicidal ideation. It can be seen that teachers and parents should pay attention to the measurement and intervention of middle school students’personality,and play an active role of extroversion,pleasantness,prudence and openness,and weaken the negative effectsof emotions.