潮汕地区宗族建构模式的转变——以泗水周氏为中心

Change of the Construction Pattern of Clans in Chaoshan Region——Taking the Zhou Clan in Sishui as the Center

传统的宗族为了与社会变迁相适应,其建构模式也会发生一些转变。以潮汕地区的泗水周氏宗族为例,明清时期,泗水周氏主要在"士大夫主导"的模式下开展宗族建构活动。步入清朝中晚期,其宗族建构转向了"商人主导"的模式,宗族话语权转移到商人手中,表现出潮汕宗族应对社会变动的自我调适能力。20世纪80年代以来,"理事会主导"的宗族建构模式逐渐成熟,引导了潮汕宗族在组织结构、日常运作等方面的革新,使之更适应现代社会的要求。

In order to adapt to social changes,the construction pattern of traditional clans would also change.Take the Zhou clan in Sishui of Chaoshan Region as an example,from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,its clansmen were mainly engaged in clan construction activities under the pattern of“scholar-bureaucrat leadership”.In the mid and late Qing Dynasty,the clan shifted their construction pattern towards“businessman leadership”,as the voice of the clan was transferred to businessmen,demonstrating the self-adjustment ability of Chaoshan clans responding to social reform.Since the 1980s,the pattern of“council leadership”has gradually matured and guided Chaoshan clans through innovations in organizational structure,daily operations and other aspects to make it more adaptable to the requirements of modern society.