一朵“小小的乌云”带来的争论——对海森堡不确定性原理的哲学思考

An Argument of a“Little Black Cloud”——Philosophical Thinking on Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

由于"作用量子"存在等因素,量子力学公理体系与经典物理有本质上区别。不确定性原理是量子力学形式体系内蕴的一个推论,这就意味着,几率特征是微观粒子本质现象,并非是由于认识方面的偏差。爱因斯坦出于对物理决定论的普遍有效性的固执,认为量子力学只能描述微观客体的几率特征,是量子力学不完备的表现;玻尔则认为,微观客体的几率特征是内禀的,量子力学是完备的理论体系。这场未果的争论持续了近九十年,衍生出如量子通讯等许多有价值的成果。反思这场争论对我们加深对微观世界的认识,推动科学发展都有重要的意义。

Due to the existence of“action quantum”and other factors,the axiomatic system of quantum mechanics is essentially different from classical physics.The principle of uncertainty is a corollary of the internal structure of quantum mechanics.Thus,the probability characteristic is the essence of the microscopic particles,not because of the deviation of cognition.Einstein,out of his obstinacy of the universal validity of the theory of physical determinism,thought that quantum mechanics could only describe the probability characteristics of the object,which was an incomplete represen.tation of quantum mechanics.However,Bohr believed that the probability characteristics of the micro.scopic objects were intrinsic,and that quantum mechanics was a complete theoretical system.This in.conclusive debate has lasted for nearly ninety years,and given rise to many valuable achievements,such as quantum communication.Reflecting on this debate is of great significance for us to deepen our understanding of the microworld and promote scientific development.