老年痴呆患者发生院内感染的危险因素及预防对策

Discussion on Risk Factors and Preventive Measures of Nosocomial Infection in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

目的探讨老年痴呆患者发生院内感染的相关危险因素并提出针对性的预防措施。方法将确诊为院内感染的80例老年痴呆患者作为病例组,同期随机选取80例未发生院内感染的老年痴呆患者作为对照组;采用回顾性的病例对照研究方法,使用单因素和多因素筛选法研究老年痴呆患者发生院内感染的危险因素。结果老年痴呆患者发生院内感染的部位主要是呼吸系统、泌尿系统、皮肤组织等;多因素分析显示,影响老年痴呆患者发生院内感染的危险因素包括:糖尿病(OR=3.557)、低蛋白血症(OR=2.983)、长期卧床(OR=4.315)、未合理使用抗菌药物(OR=4.764)及侵入性操作(OR=5.387)。结论老年痴呆患者发生院内感染的危险因素较多,应针对这些高危因素,采取积极治疗基础疾病、规范管理侵入性操作、合理使用抗菌药物、加强老年患者的护理等措施,降低老年痴呆患者院内感染的发生率。

Objective To explore the risk factors of nosocomial infection in elderly patient with Alzheimer's disease,and to put forward corresponding preventive measures.Methods Eighty elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease diagnosed with nosocomial infection were chosen as case group.Eighty elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease without nosocomial infection were randomly selected as control group.A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors of nosocomial infection with Alzheimer's disease using univariate and multivariate screening methods.Results The infections in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease mainly happened in respiratory system,urinary system and skin tissue.Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for nosocomial infection in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease included mellitus diabetes(OR=3.557),hypoproteinemia(OR=2.983),prolonged bed rest(OR=4.315),unreasonable use of antibacterials(OR=4.764),and invasive procedures(OR=5.387).Conclusion There are many risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Measures should be taken to address the high-risk factors,including treating basic diseases actively,regulating the invasive operations,rationally using antibacterials,and strengthening the care of elderly patients,so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with Alzheimer's disease.